In the heart of Lefkada, a destination on the world map of tourists today, due to its magical beauty, an exceptionally well-preserved ancient Greek amphitheater was recently discovered. Learn all about the discovery of the first ancient theater on the Ionian Islands and the archaeological excavations on Lefkada that provide insight into its significant cultural heritage, while the restoration of this monumental monument reveals a new dimension of Greek history and the magical Lefkada.

How and when was the ancient theater near Lefkas discovered?

The amphitheater is located about 3km south of Lefkas, on the northeastern slope of Mount Koulmos. Despite being close to the city, centuries have hidden it under the shade of olive trees and other vegetation. Nevertheless, the shape of the slope, its geomorphological characteristics, led to the first explorations. The first data about its existence date back to 1901, when the German archaeologist E. Kruger, a collaborator of Wilhelm Dörpfeld, conducted brief excavations. However, after the completion of those excavations, considering the turbulent and difficult course of history until the mid-20th century, the location of the theater was forgotten and covered by olive groves and makeshift warehouses. In 1997, the theater was rediscovered, and in 2017, archaeologists began systematic excavation, uncovering other important remains beside it, such as city walls, cemeteries, and remnants of a port.

The discovery is significant as it provides a new perspective on the development and cultural heritage of this region, which was a crucial part of ancient Greece. By 2023, the theater was completely excavated, revealing its impressive dimensions and architectural details.

Archaeological excavations are led by Dr. Olympia Vikatou, the general director for antiquities and cultural heritage. The scientific team includes archaeologists Vivian Staikou and Varvara Giza, topographer and engineer Georgios Lolos, architect Nikos Hatzidakis, and conservator Afrodite Tiligada.

Position and significance of ancient Lefkada

The ancient city of Lefkada, founded at the end of the 7th century BC by the Corinthians, was one of the most important commercial and economic centers in the Ionian Sea. Due to its strategic position on the northeastern part of the island, the city became a crucial point of connection with other cities of the known ancient world and the Mediterranean. Its convenient location enabled active trade and cultural exchange that shaped the rich history and heritage of this region.

Archaeological research on Lefkada reveals that the city had a developed infrastructure system, including massive city walls, luxurious residential buildings, cemeteries, and an important port. As additional evidence of its development, one of the key discoveries is the theater/amphitheater, which was considered the central point of the city’s cultural life. This discovery not only sheds light on the significance of Lefkada in ancient times but also on its role in the broader cultural and economic context of the ancient world.

Among the most important products traded during this period were wine, olive oil, and a specific fragrant oil known as Lefkadian iris, which was highly valued for its aromatic and medicinal properties. This production, along with other key resources, allowed Lefkada to become a vital part of the trade networks in the ancient world.

The construction of the theater began in the 4th century BC along with other public buildings when the ancient city flourished. During the Roman period, the amphitheater followed the fate of the city’s decline, when Augustus founded nearby Nikopolis in 31 BC, and a large number of Lefkada’s inhabitants moved to the new city.

Architectural characteristics of the theater in Lefkada - a classic example of ancient architecture

The theater in Lefkada is an exceptionally well-preserved example of ancient architecture, built in two phases. Although the second phase of the works remained unfinished, this theater contains 21 rows of seats, divided into 12 sections, with the lower rows better preserved. These sections were separated by stairs, allowing for easier movement and better connection with the audience.

Estimates of the theater’s capacity suggest that it could accommodate around 3,500 spectators. Some construction details indicate that in later years, it underwent some interventions. During the Roman period, many ancient buildings underwent upgrades and transformations. If all parts were completed, the theater’s capacity could reach up to 10,000-11,000 visitors.

Similarities with other well-known ancient theaters, such as the one in Epidaurus, clearly indicate that the theater in Lefkada had the same structure, with a stage, auditorium, and other characteristic parts. Like in Epidaurus, the stage was the central part of the theater, while the auditorium was designed to provide good sound transmission, which was essential for the performance of dramas and songs at that time.

Among the most important discoveries during excavations are three richly decorated stone thrones. These thrones, adorned with motifs such as birds, dolphins, and sirens, were likely intended for priests and high officials. This detail points to the importance the theater had in social life, as well as the high social status that belonged to its visitors and participants in the performances.

For comparison, the amphitheater in Lesbos, considered the oldest in ancient Greece, also provides significant insights into the development of theater structures. While the amphitheater in Lesbos is older, the theater in Lefkada shows similarities in architectural design, confirming that the elements that make up the basic structure of theaters developed in different parts of Greece during the same period.

The significance of this theater in architectural terms lies not only in its function as a place of entertainment but also in testifying to the developed social structure, economy, and culture of the ancient world. Similar to Epidaurus, where the theater played a key role in social life, the theater in Lefkada had an important function, organizing performances and cultural events for the wider community.

Future plans and significance of the discovery

The discovery of the theater in Lefkada significantly expands the understanding of ancient life on the Ionian Islands. Although the site is not yet open to the public, its restoration and conservation are planned. The resolution of property and legal issues on individual plots is underway, after which the theater will be accessible to visitors and researchers.

This archaeological site is expected to become a new cultural focal point of Lefkada and Greece, not only for tourists but also for experts and institutions dealing with ancient Greece.

You can find out everything about Lefkada and its beauties in our guide: Everything you need to know about Lefkada in one place

See our offer of accommodation on Lefkada HERE and choose the right one for your unforgettable vacation.

Soon, this archaeological site will find its place high on the world map of cultural treasures and on world tourist maps, about which we will certainly inform you.

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